En el presente trabajo nos proponemos esclarecer el sentido de la educaciónpartiendo del marco general del pensamiento de Nietzsche, así como exponerla relación esencial entre filosofía y educación en el autor. En primertérmino abordamos la concepción de educación en Platón como punto departida para su comprensión en Nietzsche. Desde aquí señalamos el sentidoy el alcance de la relación entre educación y filosofía en ambos filósofos.No obstante la gran dificultad existente en orden a esclarecer un conceptoúnico de filosofía en Nietzsche, intentamos (...) fundamentar su idea de educacióndesde la crítica a la cultura que lleva a cabo; desarrollando tanto elconcepto como el sentido de la educación en relación a su concepción delser del hombre, y señalando la posibilidad de su cumplimiento histórico.Para ello abordaremos el tema de la educación en relación con los siguientesaspectos del filosofar nietzscheano: nihilismo, transmutación de los valores,voluntad de poder, necesidad y fundamentación de una nueva valoración, elser del hombre y el “último hombre”. A manera de conclusión tratamos depresentar desde la relación esencial entre educación y filosofía, relación fundadaen la concepción de la filosofía como preparación del “superhombre”,la inversión de la esencia de la educación pensada por Nietzsche. (shrink)

La presente reflexión pretende poner en claro el papel de la filosofía en una época que, como la actual, se caracteriza por una crisis general de los fundamentos culturales que hicieron posible la existencia humana en los últimos decenios. Para ello nos hemos propuesto responder los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué es lo propio de la crisis? ¿De qué tipo de crisis nos es posible hablar en cuanto filósofos? ¿Es la filosofía un producto o un pensar de la crisis? ¿En qué consiste (...) nuestro quehacer como filósofos? ¿Es en general posible hablar de un modo específico de filosofar en épocas de crisis? (shrink)

Nuestro propósito actual es mostrar cómo un pensar filosófico concreto, el de Kant, enfrenta la problemática de una época histórica también concreta, la Ilustración, desde un punto de vista determinado: la ciencia, y cómo Kant pretende con ello posibilitar una toma de conciencia por parte de la sociedad a la que pertenece frente a su valor y a las limitaciones políticas de su época. En otras palabras, tratamos de recuperar la reflexión kantiana en torno a la función que en una (...) sociedad dada cumple la ciencia con respecto a la libertad humana. Nuestro trabajo habrá de tomar como base un pequeño artículo de Kant que con el títuloRespuesta a la pregunta qué es la Ilustración Sapere aude! ¡Ten valor de servirte de tu propio entendimiento! He aquí la divisa de la Ilustración”. escribió el autor en 1784, en el que consigna así su concepción de la misma: “. (shrink)

Intentamos desarrollar los elementos básicos en los que se funda la definición aristotélica de filosofía a la que las más de las veces se recurre como si fuera comprensible de suyo y suficiente para una adecuada comprensión del filosofar. Teniendo en cuenta el texto aristotélico abordamos la reflexión en torno a la filosofía desde dos perspectivas principales: como modo de saber superior según el entendimiento común del griego, entendida como σοφία, y como modo superior de saber teorético propiamente dicho, como (...) φιλοσοφὶα. Para ello consideraremos los distintos modos de saber partiendo de las condiciones naturales que los hacen posibles y deteniéndonos en cada uno de ellos en particular. Concluiremos con una definición provisional de filosofía según Aristóteles, en cuanto que la dilucidada no es la única posible para el estagirita. (shrink)

Si me fuera preciso decir en una palabra de lo que pretenden ser estasreflexiones diría que es un homenaje. Martin Heidegger dedica toda su vidaa pensar, a la realización de una tarea que no pretende encontrar un finaldefinitivo, permanente y, por así decirlo, completo en sí mismo. Su tarea estáconstantemente determinada por una inquebrantable voluntad de pensary encuentra su más cierta realización en abrir caminos nuevos, en volvera pensar siempre de nuevo y desde nuevas perspectivas. En sus palabras,en volver a (...) preguntar más allá del término de cada camino, en insistirperdiéndose en sendas que, siendo caminos, parecen no conducir a salidaalguna, y que él denominó, con propiedad, Holzswege. Pero el último camino,el de su muerte, al tiempo en que clausura sus propias posibilidades, quedaabierto para nosotros, y nos invita a recorrerlo pensando. Por esto intentovincular ahora tres aspectospropios del quehacer pensante de Heidegger:el poetizar, el filosofar y la muerte; abordándolos en la medida en que elloresulta adecuado para un homenaje. (shrink)

Analytic theology can flourish in the secular academy, and flourish as authentically Christian theology. Analytic Theology and the Academic Study of Religion explains analytic theology to other theologians and scholars of religion, while simultaneously explaining those other fields to analytic theologians. William Wood defends analytic theology from some common criticisms, but also argues that analytic theologians have much to learn from other forms of inquiry. Analytic theology is a legitimate form of theology, and a legitimate form of academic inquiry, (...) and it can be a valuable conversation partner within the wider religious studies academy. Analytic Theology and the Academic Study of Religion articulates an attractive vision of analytic theology, fosters a more fruitful inter-disciplinary conversation, and enables scholars across the religious studies academy to understand one another better. (shrink)

This article recovers Claude Lefort’s engagement with the issue of populism, which was inspired by the emergence of Jean-Marie Le Pen as a major figure in French politics during the late 1980s. I show how Lefort developed both an analysis of populism as a pathology of modern politics and a new vision of representative democracy as the alternative to populism. In doing so, Lefort drew upon his more familiar theory of democracy and totalitarianism, his study of the history of French (...) political thought, and his partnership with Pierre Ronsanvallon, who was also developing an analysis of populism in response to Le Pen. Lefort’s approach to populism has outlived the context in which he first expressed it. Over the last decade, a number of prominent political theorists have drawn on Lefortian themes to formulate their own accounts of populism and democracy. In many cases, their arguments are quite similar to those that Lefort was expressing in the late 1980s and 1990s. A particular version of Lefortianism, which was foreshadowed in the writings of Lefort himself, has become one of the defining democratic theories of our political moment. (shrink)

The ‘default mode’ network refers to cortical areas that are active in the absence of goal-directed activity. In previous studies, decreased activity in the ‘default mode’ has always been associated with increased activation in task-relevant areas. We show that the induction of hypnosis can reduce anterior default mode activity during rest without increasing activity in other cortical regions. We assessed brain activation patterns of high and low suggestible people while resting in the fMRI scanner and while engaged in visual tasks, (...) in and out of hypnosis. High suggestible participants in hypnosis showed decreased brain activity in the anterior parts of the default mode circuit. In low suggestible people, hypnotic induction produced no detectable changes in these regions, but instead deactivated areas involved in alertness. The findings indicate that hypnotic induction creates a distinctive and unique pattern of brain activation in highly suggestible subjects. (shrink)

Yablo has argued (1995) the received view in philosophy, that spectral surface reflectances (SSRs) are the causes of color-experience, is mistaken. SSRs, he says, are not commensurate with our experiences and so are not their causes. This motivated Yablo to posit sui generis, “unscientific” color properties to fill the resultant causal lacunae (cf. Watkins in Australasian Journal of Philosophy 83:33–52, 2005;Watkins in Philosophical Studies 150:123–137, 2010; Gert, in: Brown & Macpherson (eds) Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Colour, Routledge, 2021). This (...) move, I argue, only works if no physical posits commensurate with our experiences exist to fill the same lacunae. And there are, today, familiar such posits: dispositions to reflect long-, medium-, and short-wavelength light (Bradley & Tye in Journal of Philosophy 98:469, 2001; cf. Koenderink in Color for the Sciences, MIT Press, 2010). Moreover, these dispositions are commensurate with our cone and opponent-neural states too, those states, more than our color-experiences, demanding paradigmatically physical causes. The above, conjoined with the platitude that colors are the causes of color-experience, motivates reducing colors to the noted (physical) dispositions. (shrink)

En este artículo se demuestra que el ser humano es un ser práxico, es decir, un animal que se presenta a sí mismo como una tarea (una compensación) en tanto que ser inacabado tanto desde el punto de vista biológico como desde el punto de vista etológico, a diferencia de todas las otras especies. El hombre es igualmente un ser noético ya que no puede vivir sin reflexionar y consume más símbolos que cosas. Desde el punto de vista morfológico, se (...) sabe que el hombre es un animal sin ningún tipo de especialización y, en consecuencia, un ser cargado de primitivismo. Su no especialización no es solamente de carácter orgánico, concierne también al entorno en el que habita. El hecho que le falte adaptación orgánica con relación a él mismo y su entorno hacen del hombre un ser abierto al mundo. Esta apertura se expresa en el lenguaje a través de la facultad de juicio. En el hombre, el pensamiento se constituye como juicio comunicativo consigo mismo y con los demás en donde el reconocimiento o no de lo que es dicho, permite o no la realización de la acción conjunta de lo que es pensado. El juicio se cierra como juicio de reconocimiento social (ya que el hombre sólo puede transformarse en sociedad), en el cual locutores y auditores juzgan cada vez su realidad como siendo verdadera y real, en la medida en que han debido, precisamente, pensarla como verdadera para poderla juzgar. (shrink)

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1922 Edition.

El gran malestar -- La criatura sin límites -- El poder de los mitos -- La era cristiana -- La religión del progreso -- La madre tierra.

This final volume of The Works of William James provides a full record of James's teaching career at Harvard from 1872 to 1907.

Digital technology, including artificial intelligence, is having a dramatic impact on the professions of medicine, law, journalism, finance, and others. Some suggest that clergy will also be affected. We describe recent progress in designing artificially intelligent systems, suggesting that this is possible, perhaps even likely. We investigate ways in which technology currently is affecting ministry and outline some plausible scenarios in which digital systems could supplement or supplant clergy in some areas, specifically preaching and pastoral care. We also raise some (...) theological issues raised by the use of digital systems in ministry. (shrink)

This paper seeks to explore the significance of a specific kind of religious experience for the rationality of religious belief. The context for this is a gap between what is often allowed as rational and what is embraced as certain in the life of faith. The claim to certainty at issue is related to the work and experience of the Holy Spirit; this experience has a structure which is explored phenomenologically. Thereafter various ways of cashing in the epistemic value of (...) the purported claim to certainty are examined. (shrink)

William Rasch offers a reading of Carl Schmitt that avoids rehashing the controversies of the Weimar era in favour of examining a broader historical context. He examines Schmitt's notion of political theology, eschewing theocratic intention but taking seriously the 'secularization' of patterns of thought derived from Medieval theology.

ABSTRACT This article attempts to show that arguments in favour of abortion which deny personhood to the fetus (person‐denying arguments) do not work. Several very common person‐denying arguments for abortion are dealt with, and an analysis is provided of two well known person‐denying arguments; those from the philosophers Mary Ann Warren and Michael Tooley. The result is that these fare no better. The conclusion is that there is a fallacy in person‐denying arguments in general.

Resnik and colleagues (2018) argue that problems of indeterminacy regarding the application of utilitarianism, justice as fairness, and libertarianism in settling policy regarding justice concernin...

A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics, were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical (...) sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 1 studies Greek physics and metaphysics, attributing their failure to a method that derived its principles from the common use of language. It surveys the state of the physical sciences in the middle ages, and deals with the rise of 'formal' astronomy - based on observation rather than calculation - as exemplified by Copernicus. (shrink)

A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics, were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical (...) sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 3 first covers the mechanico-chemical sciences, emphasizing the convergence of mechanical and chemical theories in discoveries pertaining to electricity, magnetism and thermodynamics. A section on chemistry surveys Becher and Stahl's phlogiston theory, Lavoisier's theory of oxygen, and Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. The volume also covers mineralogy, botany, zoology, and anatomy. (shrink)

A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics, were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical (...) sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 1 focuses on ancient Greek physics and metaphysics and their reception during the middle ages. Volume 2 discusses the rise of modern mechanics and emphasises the paradigmatic shift from mere observation to the explanation of causes. Volume 3 highlights the convergence of mechanical and chemical theories in discoveries about electricity, magnetism and thermodynamics. (shrink)

Would you want to be operated on by a surgeon trained at a medical school that did not evaluate its students? Would you want to fly in a plane designed by people convinced that the laws of physics are socially constructed? Would you want to be tried by a legal system indifferent to the distinction between fact and fiction? These questions may seem absurd, but there are theories being seriously advanced by radical multiculturalists that force us to ask such questions. (...) These scholars assert that such concepts as truth and merit are inextricably racist and sexist, that reason and objectivity are merely sophisticated masks for ideological bias, and that reality itself is nothing more than socially constructed mechanism for preserving the power of the ruling elite. In Beyond All Reason, liberal legal scholars Daniel A. Farber and Suzanna Sherry mount the first systematic critique of radical multiculturalism as a form of legal scholarship. Beginning with an incisive overview of the origins and basic tenets of radical multiculturalism, the authors critically examine the work of Derrick Bell, Catherine MacKinnon, Patricia Williams, and Richard Delgado, and explore the alarming implications of their theories. Farber and Sherry push these theories to their logical conclusions and show that radical multiculturalism is destructive of the very goals it wishes to affirm. If, for example, the concept of advancement based on merit is fraudulent, as the multiculturalists claim, the disproportionate success of Jews and Asians in our culture becomes difficult to explain without opening the door to age-old anti-Semitic and racist stereotypes. If historical and scientific truths are entirely relative social constructs, then Holocaust denial becomes merely a matter of perspective, and Creationism has as much "validity" as evolution. The authors go on to show that rather than promoting more dialogue, the radical multiculturalist preferences for legal storytelling and identity politics over reasoned argument produces an insular set of positions that resist open debate. Indeed, radical multiculturalists cannot critically examine each others' ideas without incurring vehement accusations of racism and sexism, much less engage in fruitful discussion with a mainstream that does not share their assumptions. Here again, Farber and Sherry show that the end result of such thinking is not freedom but a kind of totalitarianism where dissent cannot be tolerated and only the naked will to power remains to settle differences. Sharply written and brilliantly argued, this book is itself a model of the kind of clarity, civility, and dispassionate critical thinking which the authors seek to preserve from the attacks of the radical multiculturalists. With far-reaching implications for such issues as government control of hate speech and pornography, affirmative action, legal reform, and the fate of all minorities, Beyond All Reason is a provocative contribution to one of the most important controversies of our time. (shrink)